在政府工作报告和其他各种正式文件中常出现“开展”这一词语，译成英语时该如何表达呢？

根据2021年12月发布的《中国的出口管制》白皮书：“开展非政府间交流、学术研究、民间国际交往活动”译为“have held non-governmental exchanges, conducted academic research, and engaged in international people-to-people interactions”。由此可见，“开展”一词并非固定与英语的某个词相对应，而应根据情况灵活选用不同的且合适的英语词语来表达。

以下再举几例说明词语活用的情形。

例如：

有序开展对外投资合作

carry out outbound investment and international cooperation in a well-regulated way

深入开展航天国际交流合作

carry out in-depth exchanges and cooperation in outer space

例如：

全方位开展中国特色大国外交

conduct major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts

开展航天领域人员交流与培训

conduct personnel exchanges and training in the space industry

例如：

中国将积极开展应对气候变化国际合作，共同推进经济社会发展全面绿色转型。

China will also actively engage in international cooperation on climate and jointly work for a complete transition to a greener economy and society.

例如：

中国深入开展双边出口管制、防扩散交流与合作。

China is deeply involved in bilateral exchanges and cooperation on export controls and non-proliferation.

例如：

中国将担当大国责任，履行国际义务和承诺，开展出口管制交流与合作，同各国一道，推进国际出口管制治理健康发展，为构建人类命运共同体作出积极贡献。

China will shoulder its due responsibilities as a major country by fulfilling its international obligations and commitments, by participating in exchanges and cooperation on export controls, and by joining forces with all other countries to build sound international export control governance as part of a global community of shared future.

例如：

在全党开展党史学习教育

organize Party-wide activities to study Party history

自2007年起，每年7月20日开展“全国特奥日”活动。

Since 2007, China has been organizing activities to popularize National Special Olympics Day, which falls on July 20 every year.

例如：

开展抗击疫情人民战争、总体战、阻击战

launch an all-out people’s war to stop the spread of the virus

广泛开展全民健身活动

launch extensive public fitness initiatives

例如：

深入开展健康中国行动和爱国卫生运动，倡导文明健康生活方式。

We will further advance the Healthy China Initiative and patriotic health campaigns and promote sound, healthy lifestyles.

例如：

科学开展大规模国土绿化行动

Large-scale greening programs will be rolled out in a well-planned way.

例如：

继续组织开展“中国航天日”系列活动

continue to hold events to celebrate Space Day of China

开展非政府间交流

hold non-governmental exchanges

例如：

积极开展卫星应急监测和服务

actively provide satellite emergency monitoring services

*文中所用图片均源于网络